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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*kEmu"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bone 2 spongy bone 3 cartilage face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîñòü 2 ãóá÷àòàÿ êîñòü 3 õðÿù face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kimek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kemu"k (MA ) 3, ko"mu"k (Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko|mik, ge|mik (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ke:mik 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kimek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"gemik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kemyk 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"gemik 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, EDT 722, ÝÑÒß 5, 36-38, Ëåêñèêà 261-262. Turk. > Mong. kemik 'cartilage' (see Ùåðáàê 1997 , 126; but the derivation of the Turk. form from *gemu"r- 'to gnaw' (v. sub *ke>\ma ) is a folk etymology, although some contaminations were possible: Yak. ko"mu"ru"o" 'spongy bone' semantically continues *kemu"k, but formally is derived from *gemu"r-. MK has kemdi- 'to cut meat from the bones' and kemdu"k 'bone with meat cut off' - forms that may be related both to *kemu"k and *gemu"r-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyd- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 edge, border, seashore, frontier 2 margin, edging face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðàé, ãðàíèöà, áåðåã 2 îïóøêà, êàéìà face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yg| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyjy, kyj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyg| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyg| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"quju 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyty: 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyju: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjuw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 598, VEWT 261, Ëåêñèêà 94, ÝÑÒß 6, 196-197, 203. The root is also attested in verbal function (*Kydy- 'to border, hem'), see ÝÑÒß 6, 196.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bodo- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to paint, dye 2 dye face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðàñèòü 2 êðàñêà face="Times New Roman Star"bodug| 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bod|o- (MK ) 1, bod|og| (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, boja 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buja- 1, bujaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- (Abush. , Sangl. ) 1, bojag|/q 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu.ja- 1, bu.jo|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boju-/a- 1, bojaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, boja, bojaG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, boja, bojaG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"pojo- 1 (ÃÀß ), poju- (dial. - Áàñê. Êóì. ) face="Times New Roman Star"boda- 1, bodag| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|ve- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"butuj- 1, butuk 2 face="Times New Roman Star"budu- 1, buduq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojo- 1, bojoq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, bojau 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, bojaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buja- 1, hary bujaq 'ñåðïóõà' (a dying plant) face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, bojaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, boja 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, boja 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, bojaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bojax| 2 (Kakuk ) face="Times New Roman Star"boja- 1, bojaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 300, VEWT 77, ÝÑÒß 2, 178-179, Åãîðîâ 155. Despite EDT , Tel. bodu- is a Mongolian loanword. Chuv. -v- instead of *-r- is not quite clear here (perhaps it is a trace of the archaic *-gd-cluster?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tygra- / *Tygyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 firm, tough 2 narrow, compact, firm face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðåïêèé, ïëîòíûé 2 óçêèé, òåñíûé, ïëîòíûé face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|ra-q 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|raq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dyqyz 1 (a contamination with dyq- `to stuff') face="Times New Roman Star"tu:s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"túw|vúw|r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyjys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, EDT 471.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u:c?a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rump 2 back 3 loins, buttocks face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðåñòåö 2 ñïèíà 3 çàäíèöà, ÿãîäèöû face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a 'hip' face="Times New Roman Star"u>c?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a (AH ), uc?a (AH , Pav. C. ) 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a, uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u:z?|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|z?|@w| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|un|ax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>sa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 20, ÝÑÒß 1, 566-567. The Yak. form has an irregular -z?|-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kek- / *Kak- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 curved 2 stick with a hook 3 latch 4 to bend 5 to bend one's neck face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðèâîé 2 ïàëêà ñ êðþêîì 3 ùåêîëäà 4 ãíóòüñÿ 5 âûãèáàòü øåþ face="Times New Roman Star"keke, dial. gege 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ke|kre, ke|jre 1, 2, ke|kre|j- 4, (Sib.) ke|ge| 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kekkaj-, qaqqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr 2, 3, kagúr-t- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ij-, kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekej- 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekirej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"kere 1, ka"kera"j- 4, ka"ka"-n|-la"- 'èçâèâàòüñÿ î çìåå', qaqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kejkej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ory face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 shout, outcry 2 to make a noise, shout 3 to shout together face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðèê, âûêðèê 2 øóìåòü, êðè÷àòü 3 êðè÷àòü âìåñòå face="Times New Roman Star"orla- (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ory 1, orlas?- 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ory (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"orlas- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"orla- 'to moo', orlas- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 197, 230.
face="Times New Roman Star"*d(i)aky face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 additionally, and others, plus 2 again, once more face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðîìå òîãî, ê òîìó æå, è äðóãèå, áîëüøå, âäîáàâîê 2 îïÿòü, åùå ðàç face="Times New Roman Star"taqy 1, 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"taqy 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"daha 1, bir daha 2 (taky as a clitic) face="Times New Roman Star"tag|yn 2, 'in order to' face="Times New Roman Star"daxy, taqy 1 (Abush. , Sangl. ), dag|y (MA ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tag|in 2 face="Times New Roman Star"texi 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ta'qi, dag|i 2 face="Times New Roman Star"da"xi 'too' face="Times New Roman Star"daGy 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ta:, da: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"daa 'although' (ÃÀß ) face="Times New Roman Star"taqy 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dag|any 1 face="Times New Roman Star"da: 1, da:n 'wholly, always', ta:n 'very, excessively' face="Times New Roman Star"daa, dag|y, tag|y 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tag|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tag|y 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tag|y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dag|y-da 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ta: 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"daa (K) 1, 2, dag|y (H, T) 1, 2, dag|yn (H,K) 2, daxy (K) 1, daxa (K) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dag|y 'although', tag|y 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ta:g|y, taxi 1, 2 (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"dag|y 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 457, EDT 466, ÝÑÒß 3, 122-123. Phonology is somewhat uncertain because the stem is functioning as a clitic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jum- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 round 2 ball of wool, thread face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðóãëûé 2 êëóáîê face="Times New Roman Star"jumg|aq 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jumak 2, jumru 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jomry 1, jomg|aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jumru 1 (Pav. C. ), jumqaq 2 (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"jumalo|q 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jumlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jumru 1, jumaG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jumaq 2, jumry 1 face="Times New Roman Star"nyn|max 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jumg|aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|mg|a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|umuru 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?umaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jomoro 1, jomg|aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jumaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jumg|aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?umry 1, z?umaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jumax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jummaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"One of expressive common Turkic roots meaning 'round, spherical'. See VEWT 210, EDT 871, 873, 877, 936, 937-8, ÝÑÒß 4, 246-247, 249-250. The root has also a variant (expressive?) *jub-, see ÝÑÒß 4, 237-238, Stachowski 114.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tom- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swell face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðóãëûé, âûïóêëûé 2 øàðèê, êîëüöî 3 êóâûðêîì 4 òîëñòûé, ïóõëûé 5 ïóõíóòü, âçäóâàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"tomak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to.mto|q 'stump, blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"tombul 4, dombalaG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tomyr, tombyr 'blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"túw|mat 'stubby' face="Times New Roman Star"tomtorg|o 'ring-formed ornament' face="Times New Roman Star"tompoq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tomraj- (dial.) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tombarlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tombyx 'blunt' (Òåí.ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 487, ÝÑÒß 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|ir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to spin 2 to surround face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðóòèòü 2 îêðóæàòü face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (Áóä. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"e: r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 113, VEWT 37.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ebir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to twist, turn 2 round face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðóòèòü, ïîâîðà÷èâàòü 2 êðóãëûé face="Times New Roman Star"c?evu"r- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?evir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ewu"r- 1 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"bir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?evir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"vu"r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/avar-/s/ar- 1, s/avra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sebirij- 'to uncoil (of a twisted rope)' face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jir- 'to twiddle a whirligig' face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to tuck', c?u"jre 'contrariwise' face="Times New Roman Star"c?evir- 1, c?evra" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ñivir-, c?evir- 1, civre 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to wrap' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 398, Åãîðîâ 201-201, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 80. Despite VEWT , there are no reasons to regard the Chuv. word as a borrowing.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:jnat face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wing 2 fin face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûëî 2 ïëàâíèê face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (OUygh.- YB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Abush. , MA ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qano|t 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qejnat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ganad, ga"na"d (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2, qanar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kynat, kyj yat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kynat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Kakuk ,ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 137, Ëåêñèêà 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial s/- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"l/u"l face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rat 2 mole face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûñà 2 êðîò face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?o"l (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"z@l 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"z?u"l 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?o"l 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 155. Turk. > Kalm. ku"s?l (KW 248).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ta:m face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 roof 2 wall 3 hut face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûøà 2 ñòåíà 3 õèáàðà face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 (MK ), 1 (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"dam 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 (ÊÑÒÒ ) face="Times New Roman Star"tam 1 (Abush. ), 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to|m 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dam 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ta:m 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tam 'layer (of earth)' face="Times New Roman Star"da:%m 1 ( < Ogh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tam 'dug-out, grave' face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dam 'shed, barn' face="Times New Roman Star"tam 'hut' face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 459 (the root has an irregular *t-/*d- variation), Ëåêñèêà 529. TMN 2, No 834. Turk. > Bao. dem 'wall'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 cover (n.) 2 gate, door 3 to close face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûøêà 2 âîðîòà, äâåðü 3 çàêðûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qapag|, qapyg| (Orkh., OUygh.) 2, qapg|y (Orkh.) 2, qapaq (OUygh.) 1, qap- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qapug| (MK , KB ), qapg|aq (MK ) 1, qapug| (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kapak 1, kapy 2, kapa- 3, kap- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qapqaq 1, qapqa 2, qapla- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qabag| (Qutb .) 1, qapu (Houts. , Pav. C. ) 2, qabug| (Qutb .) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pe|qo|q 1, qo|pqe| 2, qo|ple|- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qap(q)aq 1, dial. qobug| 2, qapla- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"GapaG 1, Gapy 2, Gapa- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gapaq 1, Gapy 2, dial. Gap- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xaxpax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, xop(la)- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xappax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kappakta:- 'to cover' face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qapqaq 1, qapqa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 1, qapy 2, qap(l)a- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qapqa 2, qapla- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qa:vu 2 (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"qapu 2, qabaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, TMN 3, 369, ÝÑÒß 5, 160, 263-264, 274-275, Ëåêñèêà 510, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358-359, Stachowski 138 (there is also a variant *Ka:p- - due to merger with another root *Ka:p-, v. sub *k[a:]p`a/ ; the meaning 'cover' here is probably secondary). Turk. > Mong. qabqag| 'cover' (whence Evk. kapkak, see Doerfer MT 125), qabqa 'gate', see TMN 3, 371, 415, Hung. kapu 'gate', see Gombocz 1912 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*kem, *Ka- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 who 2 which face="Times New Roman Star"1 êòî 2 êàêîé face="Times New Roman Star"kem (OT, OUygh.) 1, qaju (OT, OUygh.), qanu (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kem?kim (MK , KB ) qaju (MK , KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim (Abush. , IM ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim, kem (dial.) 1, qaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kam 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, xaja 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, kaja 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qym 1, qajy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qum 1, qai 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kym 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"m 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 271, EDT 720-721, ÝÑÒß 5, 67-68, 191-192, Stachowski 134, 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kop- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 fist 2 wrist face="Times New Roman Star"1 êóëàê 2 çàïÿñòüå face="Times New Roman Star"qoboq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qowades 1, Krg. qofades? ( < *Kop-adyl/) face="Times New Roman Star"qobuq 'arthritis of metacarpus' face="Times New Roman Star"Äûáî 194 (though hardly a loanword).
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEk- ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 yurt poles 2 small yurt face="Times New Roman Star"1 êóïîëüíûå øåñòû þðòû è ñêðåïëÿþùèé èõ îáîä 2 íåáîëüøàÿ þðòà face="Times New Roman Star"tek 'pole, post (for tying horses)' (Abakan, Âåðá. ) face="Times New Roman Star"aq tiger 1, tegirtmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"aq tyg|yr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 502.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ular face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 partridge 2 snow pheasant 3 wild turkey face="Times New Roman Star"1 êóðîïàòêà 2 ãëóõàðü 3 ãîðíàÿ èíäåéêà face="Times New Roman Star"ular 1 (OUygh.- med.) face="Times New Roman Star"ular 'male partridge' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ular (< Russ.?) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ular 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ulary 1 (Chul.) face="Times New Roman Star"ular 'vulture' face="Times New Roman Star"ular 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ular 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ular 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ular 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 150, VEWT 512 (Mong. ularu < Turk.), Ëåêñèêà 173. Turk. > Russ. óëàð.
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